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“‘Suffering should be known. The cause of suffering should be known. The diversity in suffering should be known. The result of suffering should be known. The cessation of suffering should be known. The path of practice for the cessation of suffering should be known.’ Thus it has been said. In reference to what was it said?
Birth is suffering, aging is suffering, death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, disuffering, and despair are suffering; association with the unbeloved is suffering; separation from the loved is suffering; not getting what is wanted is suffering. In short, the five clinging-aggregates are suffering.
“And what is the cause of suffering? Craving is the cause of suffering.
“And what is the diversity in suffering? There is major suffering and minor, slowly fading and quickly fading. This is called the diversity in suffering.
“And what is the result of suffering? There are some cases in which a person overcome with pain, his mind exhausted, grieves, mourns, laments, beats his breast, and becomes bewildered. Or one overcome with pain, his mind exhausted, comes to search outside, 'Who knows a way or two to stop this pain?’ I tell you, monks, that suffering results either in bewilderment or in search. This is called the result of suffering.
“And what is the cessation of suffering? From the cessation of craving is the cessation of suffering; and just this noble eightfold path—right view, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right samādhi—is the path of practice leading to the cessation of suffering.
“Now when a disciple of the noble ones discerns suffering in this way, the cause of suffering in this way, the diversity of suffering in this way, the result of suffering in this way, the cessation of suffering in this way, and the path of practice leading to the cessation of suffering in this way, then he discerns this penetrative holy life as the cessation of suffering.
“‘Suffering should be known. The cause of suffering… The diversity in suffering… The result of suffering… The cessation of suffering… The path of practice for the cessation of suffering should be known.’ Thus it was said, and in reference to this was it said.”